Selvedges on woven fabrics



Jan. 4, 1966 Y. JUILLARD 3,227,191

SELVEDGES 0N WOVEN FABRICS Filed Oct. 3, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 1966 Y. JUILLARD SELVEDGES 0N WOVEN FABRICS 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 3, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Oct. 3, 1962 Jan. 4, 1966 Y. JUILLARD SELVEDGES ON WOVEN FABRICS 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

Filed Oct. 3, 1962 United States Patent Ofi ice This invention relates to the production of selvedges on woven fabrics,nand more especially the production of so-called false selvedges as are required in the weaving.

of fabrics on weaving frames or looms of the shuttle-less type, wherein each pick of weft thread is cut off after being shot through the shed acrossthe warp.

It is-an object of the invention to provide animproved selvedge formation which will be very simple and economical to produce, as on a conventional shuttle-less loom, and will-yet be extremely strongand resistwear and tear and fraying as satisfactorily as any selvedge obt ainable by means of a shuttle loom.

Further objects of the invention relate to the provision of an improved weaving selvedge, and improved apparatus therefor which will be simple andreliable inoperation and easily fitted to a conventional weaving frame without substantial modification in the existing structure.

Basically, an improved selvedge structure for a woven fabric according to thisinvention comprises a so-called selvedge thread (or round-off thread) extending across a common side of the weft threadsof the fabric, parallel to the warp of the fabric, each weft thread having an outer end portion doubled back inwards around said selvedge thread to extend alongside an inner portion of said weft thread; and a pair of so-called binder threads extending adjacent said selvedge thread inwardly thereof, with said binder threads being inter-twined to defineloops each encircling and tightly binding the dou'bledover portion of a related weft thread therein In the selvedge structure of the invention, the foldedover or doubled portions of the weft threads are tightly bound within the fabric and around themarginal selvedge' thread, thus imparting 'great strength and fray resistance to the selvedge. Desirably, the selvedge thread and binder threads are made of high-tensile yarn, e.g. polyamide yarn or the like.

The invention further provides a weaving method for producing an improved selvedge structure of the type just disclosed. According tothis method, which includes the conventional steps of dividing a web of warp threads into two sheets defining .a shed therebetween, cyclically shooting a pick of weft through the shed, striking-in said pick, and reversing the relative positions of said sheets with respect to the sides of the shed, provision being made. for carrying out the further steps as follows: supporting a selvedge thread at one side of theshed generally alongside andoutwardly of an outermost warpthread of the sheet positioned on said one side of the shed; supporting a pair of binder threads at the other side of said shed generally alongside and outwardly of an outermost warp thread of the sheet positioned at said other side of the shed with one binder thread being inwardly of the selvedge thread and the other binder thread being outprocess for producing sucha Patented Jan. 4,- 1966 Wardly of the sel edge thread; cyclically crossing said binder threads over one another after the shooting of a pick of weft through-the shed, with said cross-over being eifected substantially in engagement with the side of the selvedge thread directed away from the pick of weft. The binder threads are thus caused to form a loop which. encircles the selvedge thread and the pick of weft and exerts upon the latter a tensional force operative to fold back an outer end portion thereof around the selvedge thread and inwardly alongside an inner portion of saidpick. The outer end portion of the pick of weft is then allowed to spring to said folded position under the action of said tensional force, to be thereafter retained andfirmly bound in said position by the loop of binder threads.

The invention further includes an improved weaving frame equipped with an attachment or apparatus for producing improved selvedge structure, of the type defined.

above, on fabric woven by the frame.

The various features and advantages of the invention will be made clear from the ensuing description relating to exemplary embodiments of the invention selected by way of illustration but not of limitation and referring to the accompanying'drawin'g's, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a large-scale perspective view of a fragment" of fabric provided with an improved selvedge' according. to a basic form of the invention, during formation thereof;

FIG. 2 is a similar view illustratinga modified selvedge structure involving two pairs of binder threads;

FIG. 3 is a similar view illustrating a further modification, especially suit-able for" closely-woven fabric, and wherein only every other pick of weft is folded over the selve'dge thread and bound by the binder threads;

FIG. 4 is a generally similar view illustrating a further optional aspect of the selvedge-forming process of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a'fragmentary perspective view illustrating part of a conventional weaving frame equip'pped with selvedge forming apparatus according to the invention in the process of forming a selve'clge of the type shown in FIG. 1';

FIG; 5a is a smaller-scale FIG, 5;

FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the structure shown in FIG. 5 as projected on a longitudinal vertical plane of the weaving frame, on' an enlarged scale, and with the harness mounts of the weaving frame being. shown in the reverse position from that shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an elevation on a plane at right angles to that side view corresponding to of FIG; 6'- as projected in the direction indicated by the" arrow III in FIG. 6; p I

FIG. 8 is an elevational view as projected on the arrow IV of FIG. 6; and

FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 6 but showing the harness mounts of the frame in th'esame position as that shown in FIG. 6.

Referring first to FIG. 1, the drawing illustrates a small side portion of fabric woven on a shuttle-less loom of the weft threads are folded or doubled back inwards about the rounding-off thread 11 and each doubled portion is separately clasped or bound, inwardly of the thread 11, by means of a pair of inter-twined, so-called binding threads 13, 14, preferably also made of hightensile material such as nylon or the like. In this embodiment, as shown, each of the two binding threads alternately extends over and under the successive picks of weft. Moreover, one of the binder threads 13, 14 extends on one side of fabric while the other extends on the other side with respect to each successive pick. Thus the doubled ends of the weft picks are firmly clasped within the loops defined by the inter-twined binder threads 13 and 14, between the rounding-off thread 11 and the outermost warp thread 1. There is thus provided a false selvedge having very strong characteristics in which the warp threads are positively prevented from escaping laterally since they are firmly retained by the structure formed by the two inter-twined binder threads clamping the doubled ends of the picks of weft against the rounding off or selvedge thread 11.

To provide the false-selvedge structure described, the following general procedure is used. A rounding-off or selvedge thread 11 of suitable characteristics extending parallel to the warp threads is supported at all times in stretched condition along the edge of one of the two sheets of warp threads defining the shed, e.g. the upper sheet. Simultaneously, along the corresponding edge of the other sheet of warp threads, herein the lower sheet, a pair of binding threads 13, 14 are supported, as shown in FIG. 1, so that each pick of weft such as 17 newly shot across the shed will pass above both binder threads 13, 14 and beneath the rounding-off or selvedge thread 11.

As the two sheets of warp threads are crossed after the shooting of the pick of weft 17, during the shedreversing step of the weaving cycle, the pair of binder threads 13 and 14 is transitorily raised and simultaneously the selvedge thread 11 is transitorily lowered, so that the latter passes for a brief period in between the binder threads 13 and 14. At this instant the binder threads 13 and 14 are crossed over above the selvedge thread 11 by imparting to the threads 13 and 14 an inward transverse displacement as indicated by the arrows f1 and f2, and immediately thereafter both binder threads 13, 14 are lowered while the selvedge thread 11 is simultaneously raised, thereby restoring all three threads to their initial positions shown in FIG. 1, except that the positions of the binder threads 13 and 14 are now reversed. As a result of these movements, on reversal of the shed prior to insertion of the next pick of weft, this newly-shot pick of weft will again pass above both binder threads 13, 14 now in reversed position, and below the rounding-off or selvedge thread 11.

With the procedure described, considering the precedingly-shot pick of weft 19, it will be seen that just before its extremity 19a has been released by the weftpicking clamp or equivalent weft-holder means, or just before it was cut off, i.e. while the pick 19 was still in a stretched condition, the loop formed by the binder threads 13, 14 passes under said pick 19 but over the selvedge thread 11, as shown. As soon as the end 19a of said pick is released, the loop formed by the binder threads 13, 14 therearound will, in response to the tension of said binder threads, forcibly deflect the free end 19a of the pick of weft in the direction indicated by the arrow f3, upwards and around the round-off thread 11 and inwardly of the fabric, thereby forming a doubled-over portion similar to that formed by the extremities, such as 9a, of the previously shot picks of weft.

In other words, as soon as the extremity of any pick of weft has been released during the weaving cycle, it will be immediately folded over inwardly of the selvedge of the fabric by the action of the related loop formed thereabout by the inter-twined binder threads 13, 14.

4 Preferably the protruding ends of the weft threads, in-

wardly of the selvedge, may be sheared off by any conventional means.

In the modified fabric structure shown in FIG. 2 the general arrangement is the same and similar elements are designated by the same reference numerals and will not again be described. The difference lies in the use of two pairs of binder threads rather than a single pair. That is, in addition to the pair of binder threads 13, 14 there is used a further pair 13a, 14a.The weaving and selvedge-forming procedure is similar to that described with reference to FIG. 1, with the four binder threads being crossed over in the horizontal plane in a manner resembling that used for the warp threads in a conventional cloth pattern, i.e. the even and odd threads alter-- nating. The resulting selvedge is even stronger than that obtained in FIG. 1, since each inwardly folded extremity of a pick of weft is now clasped between two loops of binder threads rather than a single loop.

Illustrated in FIG. 3 is a further modification of the invention as applied to a tightly woven fabric, in which, instead of folding inwards the extremity of each pick of weft, such treatment is only applied to every other pick of weft, in order to reduce the increased thickness produced by the false selvedge and which might prove undesirable in some applications. Thus, only one out of every two picks of weft is looped over, while the intervening picks are left straight. It will be understood that according to this aspect of the invention, only one out of every three or more picks of weft may be doubled, rather than one out of every two as shown in FIG. 3.

To produce a false selvedge of the kind shown in FIG. 3, during the weaving cycle in which a pick of weft such as 19 is shot through the shed, the procedure is exactly the same as that described for FIG. 1. However, in the next weaving cycle during which a pick such as 20 is shot through the shed, the selvedge thread 11 and both binder threads 13, 14 are held depressed below the plane of the weft, and thereafter only the selvedge thread 11" is raised, preparatory to shooting the next pick of weft such as 17, which is to be looped.

FIG. 4 illustrates a further modification of a false selvedge structure according to the invention, which actually comprises two adjacent juxtaposed false selvedges generally designated 22 and 23, each similar to the false selvedge shown in FIG. 1 and similarly formed. The picks of weft are cut off between the two selvedges 22 and 23 as by means of a cutter 24. The inner selvedge 23 remains attached to the fabric while the outer selvedge 2 2 may be discarded.

It will be understood that various modifications other than those shown and described may be conceived, as by combining certain features of the illustrated embodiments among one another in ways other than those shown. Further, false selvedge structures according to the invention may if desired be formed on webs of fabric having more than one width.

Means will now be described with reference to FIGS. 5-9 for producing in an especially convenient manner improved false-selvedge structures of the types above described with reference to FIGS. 1-4. The means are shown in the form of an attachment fitted to a generally conventional shuttle-less loom, only part of which is illustrated.

Shown in FIG. 5 is part of the harness assembly of such. a loom, including a pair of harness mountings oppositely/ reciprocable in a vertical plane, and each having vertically spaced, horizontal harness strips supported therein,. such as 37 and 38 for one of the mountings and 39 and 40 for the other. Vertical wires or heddles are attached to the strips of each mounting, such as the heddle 43 attached to the harness strips 37 and 38, and the heddle 44 attached to strips 39 and 40. Each heddle supports an eye at an intermediate point of its length, through which a related warp thread such as 77 and 78 respectively is freely passed. In the operation of the weaving frame in the conventional manner, the harness mountings are shifted up and down in reverse directions at each weaving; cycle, so as to divide all of the warp threads 77, 78 into two sheets, namely an upper anda lower sheet and between which sheets an angular space or shed is defined. At each cycle, i.e. each shifting of the twoharness mountings in opposite vertical directions, the shed is reversed; that is, the two sheets of warp threadsare crossed, so that the lower sheet of one cycle becomes the upper, sheet in the next cycle and vice versa. At eaeh such shed reversal, a pick of weft yarn such as 17 is shot through the shed and is thereafter packed against the previously shot picks of weft yarn such as 7, 8, 9, by means of a reed Pa y shown. at 1-. Y i

In accordance with the invention, means for forming an improved false selvedge on the fabric comprise a pair of vertical rods 31, 3 2, secured by suitable means, such as the slotted end fastener members 33-34 and 35-36 to the heddle-mounting harness strips 37-38, and 39-40, respectively, of each harness mounting. Each slotted fastener member such as the member 36, is provided with a set screw 45 for attaching it to the corresponding harness strip.

A pair of slider frames, 48, 49 are formed with vertical passages freely slida-ble around both rods 31 and 32 and are mounted in superimposed relation so as to be slidable vertically along the rods towards and away from each other. Spring means are provided to urge the two slider frames 48 and 49 vertically away from each other, i.e. urge the upper frame 48 upwards an d thelower frame 49 downwards into abutment with the related rod fastener members. In the illustrated embodiment, the. spring. means is shown as an arcuate leaf spring 51 (also see FIG. a) bowed in a vertical plane parallel to the plane containing the rods 31, 32 and having its ends attached to the respective frames 48 and 49 as by anchoring said ends in holes 52, 53 formed in said frames respectively. As shown in FIGS 6-9, cotter pins 54 and 55 are inserted through holes formed in the ends of the spring 51 to prevent disengagement,

FIG. 5 shows an edge portion of fabric formed with an improved selvedge essentially similar to that shown in FIG. 1, and the various thread elements, thereof are designated by the same reference numerals. Thus it will be noted that the selvedge includes the round-off or selvedge thread 11 and the pair of binder threads 13, 14. How-. ever, the selvedge structure shown in FIG. 5 is the reverse of that shown in FIG. 1, in that in FIG. 5 the selvedge, thread 11 is shown positioned adjacent the lower sheet or warp yarn, and the binder threads 13, 14 adjacent the upper sheet. Clearly this does not alter the final pattern obtained. As will now be described, the thread 11 extends to guiding means carried by the upper slider frame 48 while the binder threads 13, 14 extend to guide: means carried by the lower slider frame 49. i It is noted how-, ever that the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 5-9 is actually constructed so as to be capable of producing two juxtaposed selvedges, as for example the selvedge structure shown in FIG. 3, or further in the production of multiwidth fabrics. The apparatus shown accordingly includes certain parts in duplicate, which will not be used in the formation of the simple selvedge of improved type shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. Such duplicate parts will not be described in the following disclosure, since they are identical to the parts described, and symmetrically arranged with respect thereto. The duplicate parts are designated by the same reference numerals as the parts explicitly described, followed by suflix a.

For guidingly supporting the round-off thread 11 from the upper slider frame 48, said frame 48 is provided with a dependent vertical rod 59 having its upper end secured to frame 48 by screws 61, 62 and its lower end projecting below the lower end of said frame andformed with a thread guide eye 58 through which the selvedge thread 11 d is passed. The thread 11 after passing through the eye 58 is further extended through a notch 63 (also see FIG, 9,) formed in the upper part of guide rod 59 just below the point it is secured to frame 48.

For guidingly supporting the binder threads 13, 14 from the lower slider frame 49 there is provided a dual thread guide 65 formed with two spaced eyes 66, 67 through which the binder threads 13, 14 are respectively threaded. The guide 65 is pivoted to the upper end of slider frame 49 by means of a pivot 68 secured to guide 65, about a horizontal geometric axis parallel to the plane defined by rods 31, 32 The pivot axis is positioned in the same longitudinal vertical plane as the round-off thread guide 5359. In operation, means are provided for tilting the binder thread guide 65 about its pivot axis 68 at.

each cycle, by an equal angle (herein about 45) to either side from its intermediate vertical position, in such a way that each of the binder threads 13, 14 will be alternately positioned to the left and to the right of the vertical lon gitudinal plane containing the selvedge thread guide eye 58.

The means for thus cyclically tilting the binder thread guide 65v comprise a crank arm 71 projecting from pivot 68 at the end thereof remote from that to which guide member 65 is secured, and a generally vertical linksuch as a wire 72 having its upper end pivoted to the free end of crank arm 71 by means of a bent end portion of wire 72 and having its lower end coiled around a pin 74 see cured to one end of a rocker member 75 in the form of a strip having two leg portions positioned in planes forming a small angle to one another and formed with wide apertures 76, 77 through which the rods 31, 32 can freely pass with substantial clearance for relative angling movement of the rocker member 75. The rocker member is inter: posed between the lower end surface of lower slider frame 49, and the lower end fasteners 34, 36 of rods 31, 32.

With the arrangement described, it will be evident that as one of the rods, say rod 31, assumes its upper position during a weaving cycle as shown in FIG. 9, its lower end fastener 34 acts to apply the related leg of rocker 75 upwards against the lower end surface of lower slider frame 49, so that the link 72 is thereby raised with respect to, frame 49, .and causes the crank 71 and thread guide 65 to assume a corresponding tilted position as shown in FIGS. 9 and 8, When the other rod 32 in turn assumes its uppermost position (FIGS. 6 and 7), fastener 36 applies the other leg of rocker '75 against the lower end surface of slider frame 49-, and link 72 is moved to a lower position and causes crank '71 and thread guide 65 to assume tilted positions substantially at right angles to the previous tilted position thereof, ie. the tilted positions symmetrical with respect to said previous position to the other side of the longitudinal vertical plane extending through selvedges thread guide 58-59.

The arrangement operates as follows: In the position shown in FIGS. 5, 8 and 9, the harness strip 37 is in an. upper relative position while harness strip 39-is in a lower relative position. correspondingly the warp thread 77 forms. part of the upper sheet and wrap thread 78 is part of the lower sheet; similarly rod 31 is in an upper position and rod 32 in a lower position. In this condition of the harness assembly the slider frames 48 and 49 are moved close to each other by the action of the upper fastener 35 of rod 32 and the lower fastener 34 of rod 31 in opposition to the force of how spring 51. The selvedge thread guide rod 59 is thus lowered in between the two binder threads 13 and 14. Binder thread guide 65' is tilted in such a direction that binder thread 13 is positioned to theleft of rod 59 (according to FIG. 5) while thread 14 is positioned to the right of the rod. The pick of weft 17' which has just been shot through the shed, is positioned below the warp thread 77' forming part of the upper sheet, and also below both binder threads 13, 14 but extends above the. warp thread 78 forming part of the lower sheet, and also above the selvedge thread 11.

During the shed-reversal phase of the weaving cycle, the rod 31 moves downwards while rod 32 moves upwards. At the instant both rods are positioned substantially at the same level, the lower fastener 36 of rod 32 acts on the related branch of rocker 75 to raise it slightly, while the lower fastener 34 of rod 31 allows its related leg of rocker 75 to move down slightly a corresponding amount. This rocking movement of rocker 75 occurs at a time when the slider frames 48, 49 are a maximum distance apart, and when the lower end of rod 59 is somewhat above the binder thread guide member 65. As a consequence, the binder threads 13, 14 are caused to cross over with respect to each other under the round-off thread 11, so that binder thread 13 is now positioned to the right of the vertical plane extending through round-off thread guide rod 59 while binder thread 14 is positioned to the left of this plane.

On continued shifting movement of the harness mounts and heddles, rod 32 moves further upward and rod 31 moves further downward, and the slider frames 48, 49 now begin to move towards each other, so that selvedge thread guide rod 59 lowers selvedge thread 11 in between the crossed-over binder threads 13 and 14. As the rod 31 reaches its lowermost position and rod 32 its uppermost position (FIGS. 6 and 7), the selvedge thread 11 again attains its lowermost position substantially on a common level with the lower sheet of warp threads, while both binder thread-s attain their uppermost positions substantially in the same plane as the upper sheet of warp.

In summary, it will be seen from the foregoing that every time one harness mount is shifted from its high to its low position and the other harness mount is shifted from its low to its high position, the slider frames 48, 49 are moved away from each other and then again towards each other so that the selvedge thread is first raised while both binder threads are lowered thereby surrounding the newly-shot pick of weft, and then the binder threads 13, 14 cross over under the selvedge thread 11 and the selvedge thread is lowered in between the crossed-over binder threads, as the reversed shed re-forms in readiness to receive a fresh pick of weft shot therethrough, on completion of the weaving cycle.

The net result of the sequence of operations described is to provide the selvedge structure shown in FIG. 5, essentially equivalent to the selvedge structure shown in FIG. 1, as previously noted. In each weaving cycle, as the pick of weft is released, it is immediately folded inwards by the tension of the related loop formed between the intertwined binder threads.

It will be evident that the apparatus illustrated can be operated to produce a dual selvedge structure, e.g. of of the type shown in FIG. 4, by simply threading an additional selvedge thread through the thread guide 58-58a, and an additional pair of binder threads through the thread guide 65a, whereupon an additional selvedge similar to that described will be concurrently formed. If desired to produce a selvedge of the modified form shown in FIG. 2, it is simply necessary to duplicate each of the binder threads 13, 14. Finally, the actuating mechanism of the device shown and described may be readily modified to produce selvedge formation shown in FIG. 3 as will be understood by those familiar with the art. Various other changes and modifications may be introduced into the apparatus shown depending on particular applications, without exceeding the scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A textile fabric having warp and weft threads and a selvedge structure, said structure comprising a selvedge thread extending across a common side of all of at least a predetermined group of said weft threads, said group including every second pick of weft in the fabric, each weft thread of said group having an outer end portion doubled back inwardly around said selvedge thread to extend along an inner portion of said weft thread, and at least a pair of binder threads extending adjacent said selvedge thread inwardly thereof, said binder threads being intertwined to define loops each encircling and tightly binding the doubled portion of a related weft thread therein.

2. The fabric claimed in claim 1, wherein said selvedge thread and said binder threads comprise material having high tensile characteristics.

3. In a weaving process including the steps of dividing a web of warp threads into two sheets defining a shed between said sheets, cyclically shooting a pick of weft through the shed striking-in said pick, and reversing the relative positions of said sheets with respect to the shed, the method of producing a selvedge which comprises the steps of: supporting a selvedge thread at one side of said shed generally along side and outwardly of an outermost warp thread of the sheet positioned at said one side of the shed, supporting a pair of binder threads at the other side of said shed generally alongside and outwardly of an outermost warp thread of the sheet positioned at said other side of the shed with one binder thread being inwardly of said selvedge thread and the other binder thread being outwardly of said selvedge thread, cyclically crossing said binder threads over one another after the shooting of a pick of weft through the shed, said cross-over being effected substantially in engagement with the side of the selvedge thread directed away from said pick of weft, whereby said binder threads form a loop encompassing said selvedge thread and pick and exerting a force on said pick operative to fold back an outer end portion of said pick around said selvedge thread and inwardly alongside an inner portion of said pick, and allowing said outer end portion of the pick to spring to said folded position under the action of said force to be retained and firmly bound in said position by said loop of binder threads.

4. The method of producing a selvedge as claimed in claim 3, comprising the additional step of imparting at least one twist to said binder threads during said crossingover operation.

5. The method of producing a selvedge as claimed in claim 3, including the steps of maintaining said selvedge thread and binder threads on a common side of said shed after the shooting of selected picks of weft, whereby said selected picks will not be folded back around said selvedge thread nor bound.

6. The method of producing a selvedge as claimed in claim 3 which comprises, forming two selvedges adjacent one another, and cutting said picks of weft between the two selvedges so as to retain only the inner one of said selvedges.

7. In a weaving process including dividing a web of warp threads into two sheets defining a shed between such sheets, cyclically shooting a pick of weft through the shed striking-in said pick, and reversing, the relative positions of said sheets with respect to the sides of the shed, the method of producing a selvedge which comprises the steps of: supporting a selvedge thread at one side of said shed generally alongside and outwardly of an outermost warp thread of the sheet positioned at said one side of the shed; supporting a pair of blinder threads at the other side of said shed generally alongside and outwardly of an outermost warp thread of the sheet positioned at said other side of the shed, with one binder thread being inwardly of said selvedge thread and the other binder thread being outwardly of said selvedge thread; cyclically relatively displacing said selvedge and binder threads after the shooting of a pick of weft through the shed so as to introduce said selvedge thread momentarily in between said binder threads and crossing said binder threads over one another, then relatively displacing said selvedge and binder threads away from another to restore said threads generally to their initial relative positions except for the crossing-over of the binder threads, whereby to form a loop of said binder threads encompassing said selvedge thread and pick of weft said loop exerting a force operative to fold back an outer end portion of said pick around said sel- 9 1O vedge thread and inwardly alongside an inner portion of 2,389,809 11/1945 Moessinger 13954 said pick. 2,800,927 7/1957 Silberman et a1 139383 2,818,088 12/1957 Houghton 139-383 References Cited by the Examiner 2 91 949 12 1959 Hall 139 3 3 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 3,083,738 4/1963 Pfarrwaller et al 139126 693,091 2/ 1902 Wattie 13954 02 311 4/19 1 Glendhfll 1 9 1 2 DONALD W- PARKER, Prlmary Examlner- 2,300,281 10/1942 Barbotto 13954 RUSSELL C. MADER, Examiner. 

1. A TEXTILE FABRIC HAVING WARP AND WEFT THREADS AND A SELVEDGE STRUCTURE, SAID STRUCTURE COMPRISING A SELVEDGE THREAD EXTENDING ACROSS A COMMON SIDE OF ALL OF AT LEAST A PREDETERMINED GROUP OF SAID WEFT THREADS, SAID GROUP INCLUDING EVERY SECOND PICK OF WEFT IN THE FABRIC, EACH WEFT THREAD OF SAID GROUP HAVING AN OUTER END PORTION DOUBLED BACK INWARDLY AROUND SAID SELVEDGE THREAD TO EXTEND ALONG AN INNER PORTION OF SAID WELF THREAD, AND AT LEAST A PAIR OF BINDER THREADS EXTENDING ADJACENT SAID SELVEDGE THREAD INWARDLY THEREOF, SAID BINDER THREADS BEING INTERTWINED TO DEFINE LOOPS EACH ENCIRCLING AND TIGHTLY BINDING THE DOUBLE PORTION OF A RELATED WEFT THREAD THEREIN. 